| % Δ Week 1 – 4 | % Δ Week 1 – 8 | % Δ Week 1 – 12 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Exercise (mean ± SD) | Control (mean ± SD) | Difference between groups | Exercise (mean ± SD) | Control (mean ± SD) | Difference between groups | Exercise (mean ± SD) | Control (mean ± SD) | Difference between groups |
Peak oxygen consumption (mL·min) | 5.8 ± 6.3 P = 0.012 (122 ± 142) | -3.7 ± 4.4 P = 0.026 (-69 ± 80) | P≠= 0.001 | 5.0 ± 8.7 P = 0.032 (137 ± 190) | -6.0 ± 5.8 P = 0.004 (-107 ± 93) | P≠= 0.001 | 2.1 ± 8.5 P = 0.105 (103 ± 208) | -8.2 ± 5.4 P = 0.001 (-153 ± 105) | P≠= 0.000 |
Peak oxygen consumption (mL·kg·min -1 ) | 6.0 ± 7.2 P = 0.029 (1.6 ± 2.2) | -4.8 ± 3.3 P = 0.005 (-1.4 ± 0.9) | P≠= 0.000 | 5.3 ± 10.0 P = 0.063 (1.8 ± 3.2) | -5.8 ± 5.2 P = 0.002 (-1.7 ± 1.5) | P≠= 0.003 | 1.6 ± 9.9 P = 0.200 (1.3 ± 3.8) | -8.9 ± 5.0 P = 0.350 (-2.8 ± 1.9) | P≠= 0.001 |
Time to exhaustion (min) | 12.5 ± 12.5 P = 0.005 (1.1 ± 1.7) | -6.9 ± 12.2 P = 0.157 (-0.6 ± 1.2) | P≠= 0.003 | 16.7 ± 14.7 P = 0.002 (1.5 ± 1.6) | -7.9 ± 14.0 P = 0.158 (-0.9 ± 1.7) | P≠= 0.002 | 16.5 ± 22.0 P = 0.025 (1.4 ± 3.0) | -3.6 ± 14.6 P = 0.506 (-0.48 ± 1.42) | P≠= 0.036 |
Peak heart rate (bpm) | 0.1 ± 2.5 P = 0.872 (0 ± 4) | -1.7 ± 1.5 P = 0.015 (3 ± 3) | P≠= 0.072 | -1.07 ± 3.79 P = 0.291 (-2 ± 7) | -2.43 ± 2.56 P = 0.032 (-5 ± 5) | P≠= 0.405 | 0.01 ± 3.34 P = 0.931 (0 ± 6) | -2.74 ± 1.46 P = 0.001 (-5 ± 3) | P≠= 0.045 |
2 min oxygen consumption (mL·min) | -10.2 ± 10.3 P = 0.006 (-140 ± 144) | -1.2 ± 8.1 P = 0.696 (-20 ± 96) | P≠= 0.000 | -16.8 ± 10.6 P = 0.000 (-250 ± 148) | -6.3 ± 11.6 P = 0.170 (-73 ± 136) | P≠= 0.003 | -15.1 ± 8.7 P = 0.000 (-231 ± 126) | -5.9 ± 11.9 P = 0.159 (-66 ± 145) | P≠= 0.001 |
2 min oxygen consumption (mL·kg·min -1 ) | -9.8 ± 9.2 P = 0.004 (-2.1 ± 1.9) | -2.3 ± 8.3 P = 0.453 (-0.5 ± 1.6) | P≠= 0.000 | -16.9 ± 9.2 P = 0.000 (-3.7 ± 1.7) | -6.2 ± 12.2 P = 0.191 (-1.3 ± 2.4) | P≠= 0.003 | -16.0 ± 5.6 P = 0.000 (-3.5 ± 1.6) | -6.6 ± 12.5 P = 0.178 (-1.4 ± 2.5) | P≠= 0.001 |
4 min oxygen consumption (L·min) | -5.4 ± 10.9 P = 0.068 (-85 ± 149) | 1.9 ± 4.7 P = 0.289 (26 ± 68) | P≠= 0.033 | -10.7 ± 7.9 P = 0.002 (-162 ± 141) | -1.3 ± 3.9 P = 0.836 (-14 ± 51) | P≠= 0.009 | -6.8 ± 9.2 P = 0.021 (-116 ± 153) | -4.6 ± 9.2 P = 0.346 (57 ± 121) | P≠= 0.412 |
4 min oxygen consumption (mL·kg·min -1 ) | -5.3 ± 9.3 P = 0.036 (-1.4 ± 1.9) | 0.64 ± 5.4 P = 0.746 (0.2 ± 1.1) | P≠= 0.071 | -11.2 ± 6.7 P = 0.000 (-2.6 ± 1.6) | -1.22 ± 4.5 P = 0.471 (-0.2 ± 1.0) | P≠= 0.003 | -7.8 ± 8.7 P = 0.056 (-1.9 ± 1.9) | -5.4 ± 10.1 P = 0.173 (-1.3 ± 2.2) | P≠= 0.414 |
Resting heart rate (bpm) | -2.5 ± 7.3 P = 0.261 (-2 ± 4) | -2.1 ± 9.2 P = 0.534 (-2 ± 6) | P≠= 0.923 | -3.0 ± 6.4 P = 0.149 (-2 ± 4) | -6.2 ± 7.7 P = 0.057 (-5 ± 5) | P≠= 0.407 | -2.2 ± 7.5 P = 0.335 (-2 ± 5) | -1.7 ± 11.1 P = 0.671 (-2 ± 7) | P≠= 0.918 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | -1.0 ± 4.9 P = 0.508 (-1.0 ± 5.7) | -1.0 ± 2.4 P = 0.266 (-1.0 ± 2.4) | P≠= 0.984 | -2.0 ± 6.3 P = 0.293 (-2.3 ± 7.9) | -0.1 ± 3.9 P = 0.938 (0.0 ± 3.8) | P≠= 0.459 | -2.0 ± 6.6 P = 0.309 (-2.4 ± 8.0) | -0.3 ± 5.7 P = 0.888 (0.0 ± 6.1) | P≠= 0.553 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | -0.5 ± 5.9 P = 0.793 (-0.3 ± 4.4) | 0.4 ± 4.5 P = 0.767 (0.1 ± 3.5) | P≠= 0.704 | -2.0 ± 6.4 P = 0.300 (-0.3 ± 4.4) | -0.7 ± 7.7 P = 0.809 (0.1 ± 3.5) | P≠= 0.682 | -2.2 ± 6.6 P = 0.268 (-1.8 ± 4.7) | -2.8 ± 5.8 P = 0.206 (-1.8 ± 4.1) | P≠= 0.829 |