Table 1 Radiation exposure doses to the surgeon during 1 and 3 min of posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopic imaging

Lens

3.4 ± 1.6 (2–7)

10.4 ± 4.6 (6–21)

28.0 ± 33.7 (5–106)

84.3 ± 100.9 (15–318)

0.018

Thyroid

3.7 ± 4.0 (0–13)

11.3 ± 11.9 (2–39)

38.7 ± 43.1 (5–138)

116.3 ± 129.2 (16–414)

0.018

Chest

4.9 ± 3.9 (2–14)

15.1 ± 11.5 (6–42)

54.6 ± 59.4 (5–187)

163.4 ± 1 78.5 (16–561)

0.018

Gonads

1.6 ± 1.6 (0–5)

5.4 ± 4.5 (1–15)

5.0 ± 5 .9 (1–19)

14.4 ± 17.7 (3–57)

0.051

Foot

2.3 ± 2.9 (0–9)

7.0 ± 8.5 (1–27)

2.6 ± 2.2 (0–6)

7.7 ± 6.1 (0–18)

0.933

Hand

15.1 ± 8.3 (4–30)

45.6 ± 24.6 (12–90)

301.0 ± 445.3 (26–1380)

902.7 ± 1336.1 (76–4140)

0.018