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Table 1 Substances analysed and cut-off limits

From: Use of alcohol and drugs by Norwegian employees: a pilot study using questionnaires and analysis of oral fluid

Substance

Description

Cut-off

  

ng/ml

Alcohol (ethanol)

Alcoholic beverages

0.1 mg/ml

Ethyl glucuronide

Metabolite of ethanol

2.2

Alprazolam

Benzodiazepine; anxiolytic

0.23

Amphetamine

Stimulant. Mostly used illegally in Norway

12.2

Benzoylecgonine

Degradation product and metabolite of cocaine

3.6

Carisoprodol

Muscle relaxant

13.0

Clonazepam

Benzodiazepine; anticonvulsant, anxiolytic

0.24

Cocaine

Stimulant; illegal in Norway

0.91

Codeine

Opiate analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal properties

3.7

Diazepam

Benzodiazepine; anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant

0.18

Flunitrazepam

Benzodiazepine; hypnotic

0.16

Lorazepam

Benzodiazepine; sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant

0.48

Methadone

Opiate analgesic. Treatment of heroin addiction

3.9

Methamphetamine

Stimulant. Illegal in Norway

7.5

Meprobamate

Metabolite of carisoprodol

10.9

Morphine

Opiate analgesic. Also metabolite of codeine and heroin

3.6

Nitrazepam

Benzodiazepine; hypnotic

0.21

Nordiazepam

Psychoactive metabolite of diazepam

0.34

Oxazepam

Benzodiazepine; anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative skeletal muscle relaxant

2.4

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Cannabis, hashish, marijuana (THC)

0.31

Zolpidem

Short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic

0.08

Zopiclone

Short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic

0.49

3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine

Illegal psychedelic hallucinogenic drug (MDA)

9.0

3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine

Illegal psychedelic hallucinogenic drug (MDEA)

10.3

3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine

Illegal psychedelic hallucinogenic drug (MDMA)

1.9

6-monoacetylmorphine

Degradation product and metabolite of heroin, only illegal use in Norway

0.41

7-aminoclonazepam

Degradation product and metabolite of clonazepam

0.36

7-aminoflunitrazepam

Degradation product and metabolite of flunitrazepam

0.07

7-aminonitrazepam

Degradation product and metabolite of nitrazepam

0.31