Table 1 Occupational studies: The risk of fertility disorders and pregnancy complications among hairdressers
From: Fertility disorders and pregnancy complications in hairdressers - a systematic review
Reference | Study design | Country, time | Study question | Study population | Exposure assessment | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thulstrup 2006 [3] | Review | Medline, 1966-2004 | Occupational exposures during pregnancy and birth defects | Employed women, 26 original studies | Occupation during pregnancy | Hairdressers No clear evidence for causal associations between maternal occupational exposures and specific birth defects |
Garlantézec 2009 [15] | Cohort study | France, 2002-05 | Risk of malformations and exposure to solvents | 3,399 pregnant women (55 hairdressers) before 19th gestational week | Self-reported exposure (never/occasional/regular, job exposure matrix (JEM) no/medium/high exposure | Hairdressers Self-reported: regular exposure JEM-assessed: medium exposure |
Goulet 1991 [16] | Case-control study | Canada, 1982-84 | Stillbirth and chemical exposure during pregnancy | 227 stillbirths (> 20 weeks of gestation), 227 live births | Women working full-time (> 30 h/week) at the beginning of pregnancy, occupation, specific exposure to chemicals (light/moderate/high) | Hairdressers Odds Ratio (OR) 0.1* (#CI 0.0-0.3) P = 0.05 |
Kuijten 1992 [17] | Case-control study | USA, 1980-86 | Childhood astrocytoma (< 15 years) and parental occupation | 163 cases, 163 controls | Job categories, parental occupational history | Maternal occupation - hairdresser Preconception OR 2.5 (CI 0.4-26.2) Pregnancy OR 1.5 (CI 0.2-18) Postnatal OR 3.0 (CI 0.2-157.7) |
Cordier 2001 [18] | Case-control study | Under IARC coordination in 7 countries, 1976-94 | Childhood brain tumours and parental occupations | 1,218 cases, 2,223 controls | Occupational history during 5-year period before child's birth | Maternal occupation - hairdresser OR 1.1 (CI 0.7-2.0) |
Olshan 1999 [19] | Case-control study | Canada/USA, 1992-96 | Childhood neuroblastoma (< 19 years) and parental occupation | 538 cases, 504 controls | Occupational history, occupational groups | Maternal occupation - hairdresser OR 2.8 (CI 1.2-6.3) Paternal occupation - hairdresser OR 3.3 (OR 0.2-45.7) |
Bianchi 1997 [12] | Case-control study | Italy, 1982-89 | Congenital malformations and maternal occupation | 1,791 cases, 3,223 controls | Maternal occupation during pregnancy | Hairdressers Orofacial clefts OR 2.2 (99% CI 0.4-10.7); Limb defects OR 2.2 (99% CI 0.8-6.1); multiple anomalies OR 1.7 (99% CI 0.7-4) |
Lorente 2000 [13] | Case-control study | France/United Kingdom/Italy/Netherlands, 1989-92 | Orofacial clefts and maternal occupational risk factors | 100 cases (4 hairdressers), 751 controls (9 hairdressers) | Occupations before and during pregnancy, tasks, products handled, frequency of use | Hairdressers/beauticians Cleft palate only OR 5.1 (CI 1.01-25.9) Cleft lip with or without cleft palate OR 1.86 (CI 0.36-9.65) |
Nguyen 2007 [20] | Case-control study | Norway, 1996-2001 | Orofacial clefts and parental occupation | 574 cases (without other malformations) (4 hairdressers), 763 controls (3 hairdressers) | Job title, industry type, status of work during early pregnancy (first 3 months) | Maternal occupation - hairdresser Cleft lip with or without palate OR 4.8* (CI 0.99-23) Cleft palate only OR 2.3* (CI 0.21-25) |
Ormond 2009 [21] | Case-control study | England, 2000-03 | Hypospadias and maternal occupational exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) | 471 cases, 490 controls | Job title, main tasks, self-reported exposure, job exposure matrix (JEM) | Hairdressers OR 2.59* (CI 0.7-12.3) Occupational exposure Hair spray OR 2.39*(CI 1.4-4.17) Phthalates OR 3.12*(CI 1.04-11.46) |
Mutanen 2001 [22] | Register-based study | Sweden, 1958-96 | Childhood cancer and parental occupation | 8,185 cases < 15 years (45 hairdressers) | Job title | Hairdressers Kidney cancer (Father) Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) 10.6 (CI 2.9-27.2) (Mother) SIR 1.0 (CI 0.1-3.7) |
Vrijheid 2003 [14] | Register-based study | England, Wales, 1980-96 | Hypospadias and maternal occupational exposure to EDCs | 3,471 cases (98 hairdressers), 35,962 controls -all congenital anomaly cases | Job title, exposure categories unlikely/possible/probable | Maternal occupation - hairdresser Observed/Expected Ratio (O/E) 0.99 (CI 0.81-1.19) (1980-89) O/E 0.94 (CI 0.74-1.17) (1992-96) O/E 1.18 (CI 0.8-1.64) |