Table 1 Overview -- Bicycle helmet use and non-use

1. medical findings

mandibular condylar fractures [1]

dentoalveolar traumata [2]

also see region specific analyses [3]:

characteristics and outcome of bicycle injuries in paediatric patients

2. passive transportation on bicycles

dummy study on infants in bicycle-mounted child seats [4]

3. co-factors

model analyses of crashes at intersection and non-intersection locations [5]

depressional symptoms and health-related risk-taking behaviours during adolescence [6]

alcohol use in correlation with head injury and helmet use [7]

4. educational efforts and prevention

depiction of injury-prevention practices in children’s movies [8]

effectiveness of a bicycle software program [9]

attitude of neurosurgeons concerning helmet use [10]

prediction of helmet use among undergraduates by helmet attitudes scale and health belief model [11]

5. special terrain

mountain bike terrain park injuries [12]

6. region specific analyses

Germany [13]

Canada [14–17]

Spain [18]

USA [19, 20]

Hungary [3]

China [21]

7. meta-analyses

re-analyzed meta-analysis data from 2001 of Attewell, Glase and McFadden [22]