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Table 2 Collaborations between Arab countries and foreign countries in solid waste publications

From: The Arab world’s contribution to solid waste literature: a bibliometric analysis

Collaborating countriesa

No. of documents (%)

Arab–Europe

86 (22.5)b

 France

27 (7.1)

 Italy

18 (4.7)

 England

17 (4.5)

 Spain

11 (2.9)

 Belgium

8 (2.1)

 Germany

3 (0.8)

 Austria

1 (0.3)

 Denmark

1 (0.3)

 Netherlands

1 (0.3)

 North Ireland

1 (0.3)

 Romania

1 (0.3)

 Wales

1 (0.3)

Arab–Americas

36 (9.4)b

 USA

26 (6.8)

 Canada

10 (2.6)

Arab–Other Middle East, Africa

4 (1.1)b

 Iran

1 (0.3)

 Israel

1 (0.3)

 Benin

1 (0.3)

 Turkey

1 (0.3)

Arab–Southeast Asia

10 (2.6)b

 Malaysia

10 (2.6)

Arab–Asia-Pacific

10 (2.6)b

 India

3 (0.8)

 Japan

3 (0.8)

 Peoples Republic of China

2 (0.5)

 South Korea

2 (0.5)

 Australia

1 (0.3)

 Pakistan

1 (0.3)

Arab–Arab

15 (3.9)

  1. aThe study identified 139 (36.4 %) documents with 25 countries in Arab–foreign country collaborations
  2. bTotal exceeds 36.4 % as data are overlapping due to multi-country collaboration