Fig. 5

Effects of bafilomycin A1 treatment on AgNP-induced cell death. A549 cells were incubated in culture medium with or without 200 nM BFA1 for 24 h before treating with or without AgNPs (50–200 μg Ag/ml) for an additional 24 h. Cell viability was determined using a WST-8 assay. Each value (mean ± standard deviation, n = 4) represents the percent survival relative to untreated control cells (without AgNPs and BFA1). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to cells without BFA1 at each concentration of AgNPs