German version of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ): translation and validation

Table 2 Validity assessment results (n = 68)

Validity
Body regions	Agreement between NRS & D-CMDQ	Strength of agreement^a	Correlation between NRS & D-CMDQ	Strength of agreement^b
	Frequency scale		Severity scale
	Cohen’s Kappa		Spearman rank correl. coefficients
Neck	0.97	excellent	0.97**	very high
Right shoulder	0.96	excellent	0.97**	very high
Left shoulder	0.96	excellent	0.97**	very high
Upper back	0.83	excellent	0.80**	high
Right upper arm	0.64	substantial	0.64**	moderate
Left upper arm	0.92	excellent	0.93**	very high
Lower back	0.94	excellent	0.89**	high
Right elbow	0.70	substantial	0.74**	high
Left elbow	0.65	substantial	0.70**	moderate
Right forearm	0.79	substantial	0.82**	high
Left forearm	0.66	substantial	0.70**	moderate
Right wrist	0.94	excellent	0.94**	very high
Left wrist	0.88	excellent	0.89**	high
Right hip/buttocks	0.84	excellent	0.80**	high
Left hip/buttocks	0.88	excellent	0.90**	high
Right thigh	0.38	fair	0.40**	low
Left thigh	0.65	substantial	0.67**	moderate
Right knee	0.91	excellent	0.96**	very high
Left knee	0.96	excellent	0.95**	very high
Right lower leg	0.79	substantial	0.80**	high
Left lower leg	0.85	excellent	0.86**	high
Right foot	1.00	excellent	1.00**	very high
Left foot	0.93	excellent	0.94**	very high

**p < 0.01; NRS Numeric Rating Scale, D-CMDQ German version of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire; ^a [30]; ^b [33]

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