Table 4 Study results

Betschon et al., 2014 [45]

Physical complaints: (% of surveyed nursing staff)

Perceived exertion immediately after mobilisation: (% of surveyed nursing staff)

(Evaluation study, Basic course Kinaesthetics)

- lower back/back: 39

- exhausting: 53

- neck: 37

- very exhausting: 13

- legs: 27

Buge & Mahler, 2004 [50]

NA

Feeling of physical relief (due to Kinaesthetics)

(Evaluation study, Implementation of Kinaesthetics)

(Scale: 1–10, 1: Min; Measure: M, Mdn (SD))

- cervical spine: 4.84, 5.00 (2.65)

- arm/shoulder: 5.65, 6.00 (2.52)

- elbow/wrist: 4.72, 5.00 (2.49)

- thoracic spine: 6.00, 6.00 (2.42)

- hip: 5.64, 6.00 (2.56)

- knee: 5.26, 5.00 (2.73)

- lumbar spine: 6.83, 8.00 (2.46)

Christen et al., 2002 [46]

NA

Physical demands compared to subjective capacity are…: (N = 18)

(Uncontrolled before-after study, Basic course Kinaesthetics)

…relatively tolerable:

- never mentioned (T0, T1): n = 1

- only mentioned at T0: n = 2

- only mentioned at T1: n = 6

- mentioned at T0 and T1: n = 9

…(rather) too high:

- never mentioned (T0, T1): n = 6

- only mentioned at T0: n = 8

- only mentioned at T1: n = 3

- mentioned at T0 and T1: n = 1

Eisenschink et al., 2003 [47]

NA

Perceived exertion…: (Scale: 0–100, 100: not exhausting; Measure: Mdn)

(Randomized controlled trial, Mobilisation of a patient with Kinaesthetics)

…during first patient transfer:

- I: 82.5

- C: 37.0^a (p = 0.132)

…during second patient transfer:

- I: 84.5

- C: 36.0^b (p = 0.0176)

Friess-Ott & Müller, 2006 [53]

Pain relief due to Kinaesthetics: (% of surveyed nursing staff)

NA

(Evaluation study, Basic course Kinaesthetics)

Full agreement:

- back: 38

- neck: 25

Partial agreement:

- neck, back, knee or legs: 23–36

No agreement:

- back: 16

- legs: 34

Hock-Rummelhardt, 2013 [57]

Pain during/after nursing…: (Scale: 1–6, 1: no pain; Measure: M (SD))

Perceived exertion during work: (Scale: 1–6, 1: not exhausting; Measure: M (SD))

(Controlled before-after study, Basic course Kinaesthetics, practical guidance)

…at T0:

…at T0:

- I: 2.36 (0.96)

- I: 4.07 (1.34)

- C: 2.12 (1.04)^a (p = 0.615)

- C: 4.37 (1.25)^a,c

…at T1:

…at T1:

- I: 2.05 (1.12)

- I: 4.27 (1.49)

- C: 2.04 (0.90)^a (p = 0.974)

- C: 4.48 (1.48)^a (p = 0.505)

Lenker, 2008^d [51]

Back pain during patient handling (defined as pulling sensation): (N = 69)

Perceived exertion during patient handling: (N = 70)

(Randomized controlled trial, Mobilisation of a patient with Kinaesthetics)

- yes: I: n = 0; C: n = 9

- little: I: n = 33; C: n = 25

- no: I: n = 33; C: n = 27^b,c

- much: I: n = 0; C: n = 12^b,c

Maietta & Resch-Kröll, 2009 [49]

NA

Perceived exertion during patient handling of…: (Scale: 1–6, 1: great effort; Measure: M)

(Uncontrolled before-after study, Implemen-tation of Kinaesthetics)

…care-dependent patients:

- T0: 3.10

- T1: 3.70 (Change: –19.4 %)^c

…obese patients:

- T0: 2.05

- T1: 3.15 (Change: –53.7 %)^c

…patients with high body tension:

- T0: 2.28

- T1: 2.91 (Change: –27.6 %)^c

Rettenberger & Schoenemeier, 2005 [52]

Back complaints during daily patient handling: (% of surveyed nursing staff)

NA

(Uncontrolled before-after study, Implementation of Kinaesthetics)

- T0: 49

- T1: 30^c

Tamminen-Peter, 2006^d [48]

NA

Decrease of perceived exertion at T1 for…: (% of surveyed nursing staff)

(Non-randomized controlled trial, Mobilisation of a patient from wheelchair to bed with Kinaesthetics)

…lower back:

- I: 71

- C: 28^b (p < 0.01)

…shoulder joints:

- I: 53

- C: 49^a,c