Table 1 Biological markers of oxidative stress
Type of damage | Marker of damage |
|---|---|
DNA/RNA Damage | 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) |
Abasic (AP) sites | |
BPDE DNA Adduct | |
Double-strand DNA breaks | |
Comet Assay (general DNA damage) | |
UV DNA Damage (CPD, 6-4PP) | |
Lipid Peroxidation | 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) |
8-iso-Prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoprostane) | |
Malondialdehyde (MDA) | |
Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) | |
Reactive Oxygen Species | Universal ROS/RNS |
Hydrogen Peroxide | |
Nitric Oxide | |
Antioxidants | Catalase |
Glutathione | |
Superoxide Dismutase | |
Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) | |
Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity (HORAC) | |
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) | |
Protein Oxidation/Nitration | 3-Nitrotyrosine |
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) | |
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) | |
BPDE Protein Adduct |