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Table 5 Epworth Sleepiness Scale according to sociodemographic and general characteristics

From: Epworth sleepiness scale in medical residents: quality of sleep and its relationship to quality of life

Variables

n (%)

ESS

Median [Q1–Q3]

P value d

Age (per years)

 ≤ 28

60(59.4)

9.0[5.0–11.0]

0.670 e

 > 28

41(40.6)

8.0[6.5–11.0]

Sex

 Male

86(85.1)

8.5[6.0–11.0]

0.958 e

 Female

15(14.9)

9.0[4.0–12.0]

Marital status

 Married

48(47.5)

9.0[6.3–12.0]

0.067 e

 Unmarried

53(52.5)

8.0[5.0–11.0]

Governorate a

 North

79(78.2)

9.0[6.0–11.0]

0.861f

 Central

5(5.0)

10.0[5.5–13.5]

 South

17(16.8)

8.0[5.5–13.5]

Living with family

 Yes

79(78.2)

8.0[5.0–11.0]

0.063 e

 No

22(21.8)

10.0[7.0–12.3]

Body mass index b

 Underweight/normal

39(38.6)

8.0[5.0–11.0]

0.110 f

 Overweight

50(49.5)

9.0[7.0–12.0]

 Obese

12(11.9)

7.0[4.5–11.8]

Weight change during residency

 Increased

39(38.6)

9.0[6.0–12.0]

0.300 f

 Decreased

27(26.7)

9.0[6.0–12.0]

 No change

35(34.7)

7.0[5.0–11.0]

Place of graduation c

   

 Local

28(27.7)

9.0[7.0–11.0]

0.650 f

 Regional

52(51.5)

8.5[6.0–11.0]

 Western

21(20.8)

7.0[4.0–11.5]

Working department

   

 General surgery

23(22.8)

9.0[7.0–13.0]

0.755 f

 Internal medicine

11(10.9)

8.0[4.0–9.0]

 Paediatrics

22(21.8)

8.5[6.3–11.3]

 Gynecology and obstetrics

14(13.9)

9.0[7.0–10.3]

 Anaesthesia

11(10.9)

5.0[4.0–13.0]

 Radiology

7(6.9)

8.0[5.0–11.0]

 Orthopaedics

13(12.9)

9.0[4.0–11.5]

Residency years (per years)

   

 ≤ 1

37(36.6)

8.0[4.0–11.0]

0.064 e

 > 1

64(63.4)

9.0[7.0–11.0]

Years of experience (per years)

   

 ≤ 2

33(32.7)

8.0[4.0–10.0]

0.243 f

 3–4

41(40.6)

9.0[6.5–12.0]

 > 4

27(26.7)

9.0[6.0–12.0]

  1. n frequency, % percentage, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale
  2. aGovernorates: North (Jenin, Nablus, Tulkarm, Qalqilya, Salfit, Tubas), Central (Jerusalem, Ramallah), South (Bethlehem, Hebron)
  3. b Body mass index: Underweight/normal (≤24), overweight (> 24 – < 30), obese (≥30)
  4. c Place of graduation: Local (Palestine), regional (Arab-world countries other than Palestine), western (remaining countries worldwide)
  5. d The p-value is bold where it is less than the significance level cut-off of 0.05
  6. e Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test
  7. f Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test