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Table 2 Occupational characteristics of the orthopedic surgeons according to the job specialty in South Korea

From: Radiation exposure and fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures among orthopedic surgeons in South Korea

Occupational characteristics

Total (n = 513)

Na (%)

Specialists

Residents (n = 224)

N (%)

p-valueb

ST

(n = 90)

N (%)

Others (n = 199)

N (%)

Fluoroscopy work

 Calendar year began working with fluoroscopy

   < 1996

39 (7.6)

14 (15.6)

25 (12.6)

0 (0.0)

< 0.001

  1996–2000

31 (6.0)

8 (8.9)

22 (11.1)

1 (0.4)

 

  2001–2005

33 (6.4)

10 (11.1)

23 (11.6)

0 (0.0)

 

  2006–2010

115 (22.4)

31 (34.4)

73 (36.7)

11 (4.9)

 

  2011–2015

247 (48.1)

24 (26.7)

53 (26.6)

170 (76.2)

 

   ≥ 2016

47 (9.2)

3 (3.3)

3 (1.5)

41 (18.4)

 

Years working with fluoroscopy

   < 5

193 (37.6)

16 (17.8)

9 (4.5)

168 (75.0)

< 0.001

  5–9

197 (38.4)

38 (42.2)

103 (52.0)

56 (25.0)

 

   ≥ 10

122 (23.8)

36 (40.0)

86 (43.4)

0 (0.0)

 

Proportion time spent working with fluoroscopy

  100%

5 (1.0)

2 (2.2)

1 (0.5)

2 (0.9)

< 0.001

  75–99%

49 (9.6)

10 (11.1)

11 (5.6)

28 (12.7)

 

  50–74%

152 (29.6)

28 (31.1)

44 (22.2)

80 (36.4)

 

  25–49%

161 (31.4)

26 (28.9)

60 (30.3)

75 (34.1)

 

   < 25%

141 (27.5)

24 (26.7)

82 (41.4)

35 (15.9)

 

Working days per month with fluoroscopy

   < 10

163 (31.8)

26 (29.2)

102 (52.3)

35 (15.7)

< 0.001

  10–15

212 (41.3)

48 (53.9)

78 (40.0)

86 (38.6)

 

   ≥ 16

132 (25.7)

15 (16.9)

15 (7.7)

102 (45.7)

 

Number of fluoroscopic procedures per week

   < 5

152 (29.6)

19 (21.3)

83 (42.1)

50 (22.5)

< 0.001

  5–10

221 (43.1)

49 (55.1)

84 (42.6)

88 (39.6)

 

   ≥ 11

135 (26.3)

21 (23.6)

30 (15.2)

84 (37.8)

 

Working hours per week with fluoroscopy

   < 6

185 (36.1)

37 (41.6)

98 (50.0)

50 (22.5)

< 0.001

  6–12

155 (30.2)

27 (30.3)

60 (30.6)

68 (30.6)

 

   ≥ 13

167 (32.6)

25 (28.1)

38 (19.4)

104 (46.8)

 

Badge wearing

 Provided with the badges regularly

   

  No

360 (70.2)

58 (64.4)

139 (70.9)

163 (72.8)

0.340

  Yes

150 (29.2)

32 (35.6)

57 (29.1)

61 (27.2)

 

 Proportion of personnel wearing the badges

  100%

20 (13.3)

7 (21.9)

8 (14.0)

5 (8.2)

0.323

  75–99%

21 (14.0)

4 (12.5)

11 (19.3)

6 (9.8)

 

  25–74%

44 (29.3)

9 (28.1)

18 (31.6)

17 (27.9)

 

  1–24%

36 (24.0)

8 (25.0)

12 (21.1)

16 (26.2)

 

  0%

29 (19.3)

4 (12.5)

8 (14.0)

17 (27.9)

 

Personal protective equipment use

 Proportion of personnel wearing the lead aprons

  100%

269 (52.4)

55 (61.1)

106 (53.3)

108 (48.2)

0.414

  75–99%

147 (28.7)

19 (21.1)

53 (26.6)

75 (33.5)

 

  25–74%

59 (11.5)

9 (10.0)

22 (11.1)

28 (12.5)

 

  1–24%

20 (3.9)

4 (4.4)

10 (5.0)

6 (2.7)

 

  0%

18 (3.5)

3 (3.3)

8 (4.0)

7 (3.1)

 

 Proportion of personnel wearing the thyroid shields

  100%

150 (29.2)

39 (43.3)

62 (31.3)

49 (21.9)

< 0.001

  75–99%

107 (20.9)

13 (14.4)

40 (20.2)

54 (24.1)

 

  25–74%

82 (16.0)

9 (10.0)

22 (11.1)

51 (22.8)

 

  1–24%

51 (9.9)

9 (10.0)

17 (8.6)

25 (11.2)

 

  0%

122 (23.8)

20 (22.2)

57 (28.8)

45 (20.1)

 

 Proportion of personnel wearing the lead glasses

  100%

18 (3.5)

9 (10.1)

7 (3.6)

2 (0.9)

< 0.001

  75–99%

10 (1.9)

3 (3.4)

5 (2.6)

2 (0.9)

 

  25–74%

18 (3.5)

6 (6.7)

6 (3.1)

6 (2.7)

 

  1–24%

29 (5.7)

6 (6.7)

10 (5.1)

13 (5.8)

 

  0%

434 (84.6)

65 (73.0)

168 (85.7)

201 (89.7)

 

Proportion of personnel wearing the lead gloves

  100%

13 (2.5)

9 (10.0)

2 (1.0)

2 (0.9)

< 0.001

  75–99%

8 (1.6)

3 (3.3)

3 (1.5)

2 (0.9)

 

  25–74%

16 (3.1)

4 (4.4)

6 (3.0)

6 (2.7)

 

  1–24%

24 (4.7)

7 (7.8)

8 (4.1)

9 (4.0)

 

  0%

450 (87.7)

67 (74.4)

178 (90.4)

205 (91.5)

 
  1. ST spine or trauma specialists; Others = other orthopedic specialists
  2. aNumbers may not reflect the total owing to missing values
  3. bp-value for the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test