Support strategy (n = 13) | No second victims (n = 204) | Second victims (n = 287) | p (Chi2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rated rather or very helpful | Rated rather not or not helpful | Rated rather or very helpful | Rated rather not or not helpful | ||
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
1. Immediate time out to recover | 69 (140) | 24 (48) | 62 (179) | 34 (97) | 0.11 |
2. Access to counselling including psychological/psychiatric services | 88 (180) | 7 (15) | 81 (232) | 15 (44) | < 0.01 |
3. Opportunity to discuss emotional and ethical issues | 92 (188) | 6 (13) | 93 (265) | 6 (16) | 0.22 |
4. Clear information about processes (e.g. root cause analysis, incident reporting) | 88 (179) | 10 (20) | 85 (246) | 13 (37) | 0.41 |
5. Formal peer to peer support | 78 (160) | 19 (39) | 82 (237) | 15 (43) | 0.38 |
6. Informal emotional support | 77 (158) | 17 (35) | 84 (240) | 12 (33) | 0.18 |
7. Prompt debriefing/crisis intervention | 91 (186) | 8 (16) | 95 (271) | 4 (10) | 0.11 |
8. Supportive guidance for continuing clinical duties | 83 (169) | 13 (26) | 81 (235) | 13 (38) | 0.57 |
9. Help communicate with patients | 77 (157) | 18 (37) | 82 (235) | 15 (43) | 0.10 |
10. Clear guidance about the roles to be expected after the incident | 71 (144) | 26 (54) | 76 (219) | 16 (47) | 0.08 |
11. Help to actively participate to work through this incident | 82 (169) | 12 (24) | 87 (248) | 9 (26) | 0.02 |
12. Safe opportunity to contribute insights to prevent similar events in future | 90 (182) | 7 (14) | 92 (265) | 6 (16) | 0.72 |
13. Opportunity to seek for legal advice after an incident | 95 (199) | 3 (5) | 86 (249) | 8 (23) | 0.04 |