Table 2 Biomarker measures performed in the longitudinal pilot study in the Parisan subway
Outcome measured | Biological matrix | Analytical method |
|---|---|---|
Biomarkers of exposure | ||
Transition metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti,V), Ba, Sb, S, Si, Al, Pb mass concentration | EBC | ICP-MS |
Nanoparticles number concentration and mean hydrodynamic diameter | EBC | Nanoparticle Tracking Analyser (Malvern) |
Transition metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti,V), Ba, Sb, Si, Al, Pb mass concentration | Urine | ICP-MS |
PAH metabolites (1-hydroxypyrene) | Urine | HPLC-Fluo |
Biomarkers of effect | ||
OPEA | Alveolar and bronchial part of the exhaled air | OPEA analyser + FOX colorimetric test (6 min including sampling) |
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (eosinophilic inflammation) | Exhaled air | Direct-reading instrument |
8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) | EBC | HPLC-MS/MS |
8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (DNA-oxdation) | EBC | HPLC-MS/MS |
NO2−, NO3− and formate ion (nitrosant stress) | EBC | Ion-chromatography |
Acetate, pyruvate, lactate, butyrate, propionate (cell metabolism) | EBC | Ion-chromatography |
Malondialdehyde | Urine | HPLC-MS/MS |
8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine | Urine | UPLC-MSMS |
Creatinine | Urine | LC-MS/MS |
Micronuclei (genotoxicity) | Buccal cells | Buccal micronuclei cytome assay |