New methods for assessing secondary performance attributes of sunscreens suitable for professional outdoor work

Table 2 Results of UVA photoprotection determination and determination of UVB water-resistance

	P 1	P 2	P 3	P 4	P 5	P 6	P 7^†	P 8^†	P 9	P 10
In-vitro UVA photoprotection (ISO 24443 [34])
Ratio _{(≤ 3)}	3.3	4.1	1.7	5.2	2.2	1.9	4.5	2.5	1.9.	2.4
UVA-PF _{(SPF in vivo/Ratio)}	23.8	14.5	38.2	11.5	37.5	28.6	17.3	25.7	35.2	34.7
Critical Wavelength^# _{≥370 nm}	374.5	375	381.2	372.7	377.5	379.5	376.6	379.5	381.5	378.8
Sufficient UVA protection	x	x	✓	x	✓	✓	x	✓	✓	✓
Colipa Guidelines for Evaluating Sun Product Water-resistance^‡ [35]
	very water-resistance					water-resistance
In-vivo SPF _{(according to} [33]₎	78.5	59.6	64.9	59.8	82.6	54.3	77.7	64.2	66.8	83.2
SPF _{after water immersion procedure}	45.0	41.0	26.2	37.1	57.4	50.2	58.3	42.1	49	45.3
(very) water-resistance	✓	✓	x	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

^† = Medicinal product
# = The critical wavelength is defined as the wavelength for which the area below the absorbance curve comprises 90% of the total absorbance curve. According to ISO 24443 [34] and the Commission Recommendation of the European Union [38], the critical wavelength has to be equal or higher than 370 nm in order to claim “broad spectrum protection”
‡ = The evaluation of water-resistance was carried out with n = 6 participants. For all products, producers had claimed full UVA photoprotection and UVB water resistance

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