Table 2 Descriptive statistics and reliability of scales
From: COPSOQ III in Germany: validation of a standard instrument to measure psychosocial factors at work
Scale | Positive value | No. of items | N | Cronbach‘s α | Intra-class-correlation ICC | Scale mean | Std. deviation | Floor effect in % | Ceiling effect in % | Missing values in % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantitative Demands | low | 5 | 253,437 | 0.81 | 0.46 | 55.4 | 19.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
Emotional Demands | low | 2 | 254,517 | 0.74 | 0.58 | 47.7 | 27.9 | 9.8 | 6.6 | 1.1 |
Hiding Emotions | low | 2 | 254,241 | 0.80 | 0.66 | 44.4 | 26.4 | 11.1 | 4.2 | 1.2 |
Work Privacy Conflicts | low | 4 | 243,089 | 0.92 | 0.74 | 39.0 | 28.0 | 13.4 | 3.7 | 5.5 |
Dissolution | low | 2 | 151,356 | 0.60 | 0.43 | 32.9 | 26.1 | 21.0 | 1.9 | 6.1 |
Influence at Work | high | 3 | 254,551 | 0.75 | 0.51 | 43.7 | 22.9 | 5.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Degrees of Freedom (Breaks / Holidays) | high | 2 | 248,582 | 0.53 | 0.36 | 63.1 | 25.3 | 3.1 | 9.7 | 3.4 |
Possibilities for Development | high | 3 | 255,236 | 0.78 | 0.54 | 63.1 | 22.0 | 1.3 | 5.8 | 0.8 |
Meaning of Work | high | 2 | 255,425 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 74.4 | 21.5 | 0.9 | 25.8 | 0.7 |
Commitment to Workplace | high | 2 | 255,276 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 59.2 | 25.7 | 3.3 | 11.9 | 0.8 |
Predictability of Work | high | 2 | 253,035 | 0.76 | 0.61 | 52.3 | 22.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 1.6 |
Role Clarity | high | 3 | 252,654 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 71.3 | 18.6 | 0.4 | 10.6 | 1.8 |
Role Conflicts | low | 3 | 251,992 | 0.82 | 0.60 | 45.0 | 22.7 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Quality of Leadership | high | 4 | 248,729 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 52.9 | 25.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 3.3 |
Support at Work | high | 4 | 252,017 | 0.82 | 0.54 | 69.4 | 21.2 | 0.3 | 11.6 | 2.0 |
Feedback | high | 2 | 251,768 | 0.58 | 0.41 | 44.1 | 22.4 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 2.1 |
Quantity of Social Relations | high | 1 | 249,808 | – | – | 57.4 | 28.1 | 7.9 | 14.8 | 2.9 |
Sense of Community | high | 2 | 251,385 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 77.0 | 18.6 | 0.5 | 23.9 | 2.3 |
Unfair Treatment | low | 1 | 249,487 | – | – | 21.3 | 25.0 | 48.2 | 1.2 | 3.0 |
Trust and Justice | high | 4 | 242,664 | 0.81 | 0.52 | 60.5 | 18.5 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 5.7 |
Recognition | high | 1 | 148,435 | – | – | 48.5 | 28.3 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
Work Environment / Phys. Demands | low | 6 | 172,913 | 0.84 | 0.47 | 34.6 | 24.0 | 6.6 | 0.4 | 6.5 |
Job Insecurity | low | 3 | 246,112 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 28.2 | 24.0 | 21.7 | 1.2 | 4.3 |
Insecurity over Working Conditions | low | 3 | 147,998 | 0.77 | 0.52 | 28.6 | 24.8 | 20.5 | 1.7 | 8.2 |
Intention to leave Profession / Job | low | 2 | 247,774 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 20.0 | 23.3 | 24.5 | 0.8 | 3.7 |
Job Satisfaction | high | 7 | 248,837 | 0.82 | 0.40 | 63.1 | 16.9 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 3.3 |
Work Engagement | high | 3 | 148,136 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 63.4 | 19.9 | 0.5 | 5.8 | 8.1 |
General Health | high | 1 | 246,704 | – | – | 69.8 | 19.8 | 0.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 |
Burnout Symptoms | low | 3 | 249,133 | 0.84 | 0.64 | 48.5 | 21.3 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 3.1 |
Presenteeism | low | 1 | 241,957 | – | – | 41.9 | 26.1 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 5.9 |
Inability to Relax | low | 1 | 147,739 | – | – | 45.8 | 28.4 | 13.4 | 6.6 | 8.4 |