Table 1 Selected characteristics of the EPICAP study population (N = 1693)
Characteristics | Cases n = 818 (%) | Controls n = 875 (%) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Gleason score at diagnosis | Â | ||
  ≤ 7†| 623 (77.4) | – | |
  ≥ 7††| 182 (22.6) | – | |
Age | 0.150 | ||
  < 55 years | 48 (5.9) | 59 (6.7) | |
 55–59 years | 99 (12.1) | 99 (11.3) | |
 60–64 years | 216 (26.4) | 200 (22.9) | |
 65–69 years | 274 (33.5) | 283 (32.3) | |
  ≥ 70 years | 181 (22.1) | 234 (26.8) | |
Ethnic origin | 0.402 | ||
 Caucasian, | 794 (97.1) | 855 (97.7) | |
 Others | 24 (2.9) | 20 (2.3) | |
First-degree family history of prostate cancer | < 0.001 | ||
 no | 548 (75.2) | 722 (90.5) | |
 yes | 181 (24.8) | 76 (9.5) | |
Educational level | 0.503 | ||
 none | 70 (8.5) | 71 (8.1) | |
 primary school | 376 (46.0) | 434 (49.7) | |
 high school | 112 (13.7) | 109 (12.5) | |
 university | 260 (31.8) | 260 (29.7) | |
Marital status | 0.193 | ||
 married/domestic partnership | 674 (82.4) | 748 (85.5) | |
 divorced/separated/single | 115 (14.1) | 98 (11.2) | |
 widowed | 29 (3.5) | 29 (3.3) | |
Smoking status | 0.362 | ||
 non-smokers | 240 (29.4) | 246 (28.1) | |
 former smokers | 454 (55.6) | 475 (54.3) | |
 current smokers | 123 (15.0) | 154 (17.6) | |
Regular alcohol drinking | 0.576 | ||
 no | 72 (8.8) | 84 (9.6) | |
 yes | 744 (91.2) | 790 (90.4) | |
Intensity of physical activity | 0.123 | ||
  < 1 h/week | 191 (23.5) | 177 (20.3) | |
 lifetime MET between 0.10–6.23 | 153 (18.8) | 172 (19.8) | |
 lifetime MET between 6.25–13.01 | 133 (16.4) | 172 (19.8) | |
 lifetime MET between 13.07–24.11 | 149 (18.3) | 175 (20.1) | |
 lifetime MET between 24.15–351.40 | 187 (23.0) | 174 (20.0) | |
Waist circumference (in centimetres) | 0.082 | ||
  ≤ 94 | 208 (25.8) | 253 (29.6) | |
  > 94 | 599 (74.2) | 602 (70.4) | |
Body-mass index 2 years before diagnosis or interview, in kg/m2 | 0.862 | ||
  < 25 | 296 (36.7) | 314 (36.5) | |
 25–29 | 377 (46.7) | 394 (45.9) | |
  ≥ 30 | 134 (16.6) | 151 (17.6) | |
Night shift work | 0.522 | ||
 never | 532 (65.0) | 556 (63.5) | |
 ever | 286 (35.0) | 319 (36.5) | |
Last screening for prostate cancer before interview, in years | Â | ||
  ≤ 2 | – | 606 (75.2) | |
  > 2 | – | 66 (8.2) | |
Never screened | – | 134 (16.6) | |