Table 2 Challenges in the prevention and control of silicosis in India
Challenges | Barriers | Description |
|---|---|---|
Worker-related challenges | Lack of awareness | • Lack of awareness about early symptoms • Lack of knowledge about occupational risks |
Lack of PPE use | • Insufficient availability of protective equipment • Inadequate training on PPE usage | |
Lack of alternative job | • Limited job opportunities outside silica-dust industries • Lack of skills for alternative employment • Return to dusty work environments | |
Lack of access to healthcare | • Geographical barriers to healthcare facilities • Limited healthcare services in remote areas | |
Fear of getting laid off | • Job insecurity in case of illness • Fear of losing income and livelihood | |
Disease-related challenges | Misdiagnosis | • Similar symptoms to other respiratory conditions • Lack of specific diagnostic tests for silicosis |
Alveolar block | • Silica particles obstruct alveoli • Impaired oxygen exchange | |
Drugs unable to reach lung tissue | • Fibrosis restricting drug penetration • Reduced effectiveness of medications | |
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria | • Co-existence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria • Increased complexity of treatment | |
Recurrent pneumothorax | • Frequent lung collapses due to weakened tissue • Higher mortality risk | |
Systemic challenges | Smaller units | • Non-compliance with regulations in small-scale industries • Limited oversight and enforcement mechanisms |
Unorganized sector | • Lack of structured occupational health and safety practices • Difficulties in implementing regulations • Lack of employer awareness and perception of high costs hinder compliance with periodic silica dust measurements • Absence of public or private agencies offering support for dust measurements • Intention and integrity of regulatory authorities | |
Neglect of rehabilitation | • Inadequate support for affected workers’ recovery • Lack of system for relocation to safer environments • Withhold notifications to avoid legal complications • Reluctance to provide compensation to affected employees | |
Scarcity of water | • Water shortage affecting dust control measures • Conflicting priorities between water usage and productivity | |
Limited knowledge of medical officers | • Insufficient training on occupational health • Inadequate understanding of silicosis diagnosis and management | |
Challenges in implementation of pneumoconiosis policy | • Lack of standardized diagnostic protocols • Low awareness and compliance with policy guidelines | |
Absence of a national health program | • Underdiagnosis and underreporting • Lack of coordinated efforts among stakeholders • Inadequate surveillance and data collection mechanisms |