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Table 2 Descriptive data of the ten manuscripts. Confounders measured, validated assessment method(s), medical evaluation of health-related work outcomes, and health-related work outcomes measures are included

From: Standardized assessment of psychosocial factors and their influence on medically confirmed health outcomes in workers: a systematic review

Author, Year,

Country, Reference

Confounders measured

Psychosocial validated assessment method(s)

Medical evaluation of health-related work outcomes

Health-related work Outcome(s)

Rugulies et al.

2007

Denmark

[28]

Age, gender, type of organization, family status, children below the age of 7 living with the respondent, smoking, alcohol consumption, weekly leisure time physical activity, body-mass index and socio-economic status.

Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI); Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire I (COPSOQ I)

Self-reported sickness absence days (validated/confirmed with company records).

A wide range of psychosocial work characteristics (exposure to violence and threats,high emotional demands, high requirement to hide emotions, low influence at work, low meaning of work, low quality of management and role conflicts showed an increased number of sickness absence days at follow-up.

Borritz et al.

2010

Denmark

[29]

Gender, age, socioeconomic status, family status, health-related lifestyle, prevalence of self-reported disease.

Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI);

Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II)

Long-term sickness absence register, database of Danish social transfer payment (˃ 2 weeks, with medical certification) during 18 months of follow-up.

Poor level of specific psychosocial work characteristics predicted increased risk of long-term sickness absence during follow-up.

Nyberg et al.

2009

Sweden

[30]

Education, social class, supervisory status, income from work, perceived physical load at work, physical exercise, smoking status.

The Stress Profile

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) measured twice; height, weight and waist measured to determine body mass index (BMI Kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm). Blood samples (cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, fibrinogen and diabetes. Records of hospital admissions and death during follow-up obtained.

Better leadership was associated with lower ischaemic heart disease (IHD). There is a prospective, dose-response relationship between specific managerial behaviors and ischaemic heart disease among employees.

Tsutsumi et al.

2009

Japan

[31]

Demographic characteristics (age, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity index, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia.

Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)

Current health status through direct interview, via telephone or letter annually to determine the participants´ current health status .In case of an incident medical records were reviewed and exams made.

Occupational stress related to job strain was associated with the incidence of strokes among Japanese men.

Guimont et al.

2006

Canada

[32]

Demographic Characteristics (age, marital status, education, number of children living with the worker) risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (smoking, low level of physical activity, high cholesterol, diabetes), family history of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension, characteristics of work and social life.

Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)

At worksite, trained nurses measured blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference using validated protocols.

Cumulative exposure to job strain resulted in a significant increase in systolic blood pressure among male white-collar workers, especially those with low levels of social support at work.

Sabbath et al. 2011

France

[33]

Age, marital status, alcohol consumption, current smoker, social ties and occupational grade.

Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)

Berkman´s Questionnaire on Social Networks and Social Suppot

EDP-GDFs records for sickness absence from work certified and diagnosed by a physician. Body weight (BMI).

High work-family demands predict long-term all causes of sickness absence across a socio-economically diverse occupational cohort.

Aboa-Éboulé et al.

2011

Canada

[34]

Age, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, physical activity.

Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI)

Medical information about acute MI and medical history were documented during hospitalization at baseline. Hospital summary database for Quebec residents (MED-ECHO) and Canadian Mortality Data Base.

High ERI and low reward were associated with recurrent coronary heart disease. The effects were more pronounced among women.

Bellingrath et al.

2010

Germany

[35]

Sex, age, years of employment, type of school, health status and health behavior.

Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)

Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI)

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (HADS-D)

Lymphocyte subset counts and lymphocyte production of tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-ϒ, interleukin (IL)-2, -4, -6 and -10 were measured before and after the challenge.

In teachers with high levels of ERI and OC was found significantly lower natural killer cell numbers before as well as after the stressor which might be indicative of a dampened innate immune defence.

Su-Shan et al.

2014

China

[36]

Demographic data (age, marital status, ethnicity, educational levels, height, weight, body mass index) Lifestyle and personal habits (smoking, alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, betel nut chewing, level of physical activity), work conditions.

Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)

Biochemistry indices (blood lipids, blood sugar, blood pressure) assessed in the annual health examination.

The risk of inflammatory disease markers in a group of young drivers subject to high strain.

Crain et al.

2014

USA

[37]

Race, gender, number of children and work schedule.

Work-family conflict; Family-suportive supervisor behaviors short form (FSSB-SF)

Actigraphic measurements of sleep quality and quantity.

The combination of predictors (work-to-family confict; family-to-work conflict, family-suportive supervisor behaviors-short form) was significantly related to both objective and self-report measures of sleep quantity and quality.