Table 1 Studies based on occurrence of different types of cancers among textile industry workers
Sr. No. | Study | Subjects | Type of cancer studied | Output of the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Serra et al., 2008 [37] | Textile industry workers | Bladder cancer | Increased cancer risks were observed for weavers and for workers in winding, warping and sizing. Job more than 10 years appeared to be associated with an increased risk for weavers. |
2 | Li et al., 2015 [33] | Female textile workers | Breast cancer | No positive association between night shift work and breast cancer. |
3 | Li et al., 2013 [48] | Female textile workers | Breast cancer | No association was observed between cumulative exposure to MFs and overall risk of breast cancer. |
4 | Ray et al., 2007 [25] | Female textile workers | Breast cancer | Endotoxin or other components of cotton dust exposures may be associated with reduced risks for breast cancer |
5 | Fang et al., 2013 [46] | Textile workers | Cancer mortality | Mortality risk from gastrointestinal cancers and all cancers combined, with the exclusion of lung cancer, were increased in cotton workers as compared to silk workers. |
6 | Wang et al., 2012 [42] | Asbestos textile workers | Cancer mortality | Highest cancer mortality was observed in the high exposure group, with 1.5-fold age-adjusted mortality from all cancers and 2-fold from lung cancer compared to the low exposure group. |
7 | Kuzmickiene and Stukonis, 2010 [49] | Female flax textile workers | Oral cavity and pharynx cancer | Risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancer was significantly increased in spinning-weaving unit workers with <10 years of employment (SIR 5.71, 95 % CI 1.56 to 14.60). |
8 | Gunay and Beser, 2011 [50] | Turkish textile workers | Early breast cancer | 91.6 % of the women working in a textile factory in Turkey had no education about breast cancer. |
9 | Kwon et al., 2015 [32] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | No increased risk of lung cancer among rotating shift workers. |
10 | Checkoway et al., 2015 [51] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | Reply to [34]: Exposure–response association may change over time owing to complex, yet poorly understood, underlying mechanisms. Endotoxin is a highly variable exposure, and as we noted in the paper, some exposure misclassification was inevitable. |
11 | Rylander and Jacobs, 2015 [34] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | In comment to [30]: The result should be “no relation between endotoxin exposure and lung cancer risk could be detected” |
12 | Checkoway et al., 2014 [30] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | The study did not support a protective effect of endotoxin, but is suggestive of possible lung cancer promotion with increasing time since first exposure. |
13 | Wang et al., 2014 [31] | Textile and mining workers | Lung cancer | A clear exposure-response relationship between lung cancer mortality and exposure levels. |
14 | Applebaum et al., 2013 [44] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | A reduced cancer risk in workers exposed to endotoxin, hired >35 years before enrolment [IRR = 0.74, 95 % CI (0.51 to 1.07)] as compared to hired </=35 years. |
15 | Gallagher et al., 2013 [52] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | Cancer risk was higher in women with a surgical menopause (HR = 1.64, 95 % CI 0.96–2.79) than in those with a natural menopause (HR = 1.35, 95 % CI 0.84–2.18) demonstrating biological role of hormones in lung carcinogenesis. |
16 | Agalliu et al., 2011 [39] | Female textile workers | Lung cancer | Endotoxin exposure that occurred 20 years or more before risk confers the strongest protection against lung cancer, indicating a possible early anti-carcinogenic effect. |
17 | Checkoway et al., 2011 [38] | Female textile workers | Lung Cancer | No associations were observed for lung cancer with wool, silk or synthetic fibre dusts. Increased risks were noted for >/= 10 year exposures to silica (adjusted HR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.0 to 13) and >/= 10 year exposures to formaldehyde (adjusted HR 2.1, 95 % CI 0.4 to 11). |
18 | Astrakianakis et al., 2010 [53] | Female textile workers | Lung Cancer | A dose-related inverse lung cancer risk was associated with cumulative endotoxin exposure but a possible anti-carcinogenic effect at early stages of lung cancer pathogenesis was not evident. |
19 | Lenters et al., 2010 [29] | Agriculture industry and cotton textile workers | Lung Cancer | Occupational exposure to endotoxin in cotton textile production and agriculture is protective against lung cancer |
20 | Loomis et al., 2009 [28] | Asbestos textile workers | Lung Cancer | Mortality from all causes, all cancers and lung cancer was significant higher than expected, with SMRs of 1.47 for all causes, 1.41 for all cancer and 1.96 (95 % CI 1.73 to 2.20) for lung cancer. |
21 | Kuzmickiene and Stukonis, 2007 [24] | Textile workers | Lung Cancer | Exposure to cotton textile dust at workplaces for male is associated with adverse lung cancer risk effects but lung cancer risk decreased with level of exposure to textile dust. |
22 | Loomis et al., 2012 [54] | Asbestos textile workers | Lung Cancer | Lung cancer is associated most strongly with exposure to long thin asbestos fibres. Fibres 5–10 μm long and <0.25 μm in diameter were associated most strongly with lung cancer mortality. |
23 | Elliott et al., 2012 [41] | Asbestos textile workers | Lung Cancer | Increased rates of lung cancer were significantly found to be associated with overall cumulative fibre exposure. |
24 | Wernli et al., 2008a [27] | Textile workers | Endometrial cancer | An increased risk of endometrial cancer was detected among women who had worked for > or =10 years in silk production (HR = 3.8, 95 % CI 1.2–11.8). |
25 | Wernli et al., 2008b [55] | Textile workers | Ovarian cancer | An increasing risk of ovarian cancer associated with cumulative exposure to silica dust (for <10 years exposure, HR = 6.8 [CI = 0.6–76]; for > or =10 years, 5.6 [1.3–23.6]). |