Fig. 5

ICAM-1 Expression in bronchial epithelium is altered by HDE and CO₂ exposure. Saline treated mice (a-c) showed increased ICAM-1 staining at 5000 ppm (b) and 7500 ppm CO₂ (c). The same pattern was observed in HDE-treated mice (d-f) with ambient air (d), 5000 ppm CO₂ (e), or 7500 ppm CO₂ (f). ICAM-1 mRNA harvested from whole lung (g) and tracheal epithelium (h) showed no significant increases in response to CO₂ exposure, but HDE with CO₂ treatment induced significant increases of ICAM-1 mRNA. Bar graphs represent standard deviation with error bars shown (5G N = 7-8 mice/group, 5H N = 4 mice/group). Statistical significance denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)