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Fig. 7 | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

Fig. 7

From: Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment: DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health

Fig. 7

Potential sources of ROS formation in particle- exposed cells. Note: interpreting the effects of antioxidants on cellular responses from particle exposure is inherently difficult due to the many potential sources of ROS. ROS may be generated directly by reactive particle surfaces in contact with aqueous media, soluble organic constituents such as PAHs and quinones may form ROS and reactive electrophilic metabolites through redox cycling and metabolic activation, Fenton-reactive transition metals may contribute to formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (●OH), activation of intracellular signaling pathways may trigger production of superoxide (O2●-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through activation of membrane bound oxidases, and damage to mitochondria may lead to superoxide production. The figure has previously been published in [95]

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Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

ISSN: 1745-6673