Table 6 Epworth Sleepiness Scale according to sleep characteristics
Variables | n (%) | ESS Median [Q1–Q3] | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | |||
Yes | 40(39.6) | 9.0[5.3–11.8] | 0.728 b |
No | 61(60.4) | 8.0[6.0–11.0] | |
Coffee (per ml) | |||
None | 20(19.8) | 7.5[6.3–9.8] | 0.222 c |
Up to 100 | 8(7.9) | 9.0[8.0–13.0] | |
Up to 200 | 22(21.8) | 8.5[6.5–12.0] | |
Up to 300 | 31(31.7) | 9.0[7.0–12.0] | |
More than 300 | 20(19.8) | 5.5[3.3–10.8] | |
Tea (per ml) | |||
None | 34(33.7) | 8.0[4.0–11.3] | 0.145 c |
Up to 100 | 33(32.7) | 9.0[7.0–12.0] | |
Up to 200 | 18(17.8) | 8.0[4.3–11.3] | |
Up to 300 | 11(10.9) | 8.0[7.0–13.0] | |
More than 300 | 5(5.0) | 4.0[3.0–7.5] | |
Energy drinks (per ml) | |||
None | 87(86.1) | 9.0[6.0–11.0] | 0.661 c |
Up to 100 | 6(5.9) | 8.0[3.5–14.3] | |
Up to 200 | 3(3.0) | 8.0[7.0–8.5] | |
Up to 300 | 5(5.0) | 7.0[2.0–10.0] | |
Caffeine at night (times per week) | |||
No | 34(33.7) | 8.0[7.0–11.3] | 0.371 c |
Once or twice | 29(28.7) | 8.0[5.0–12.0] | |
Three to four | 16(15.8) | 9.0[7.5–11.0] | |
More than four | 22(21.8) | 7.0[4.0–10.3] | |
Non-shift sleep hours | |||
≤ 4 h | 5(5.0) | 11.0[7.5–14.0] | 0.297 c |
4–6 h | 61(60.4) | 9.0[6.0–11.0] | |
≥ 6 h | 35(34.7) | 8.0[4.0–10.0] | |
Shift sleep hours | |||
≤ 4 h | 85(84.1) | 8.0[6.0–11.0] | 0.568 c |
4-6 h | 14(13.9) | 9.0[4.8–12.5] | |
≥ 6 h | 2(2.0) | 6.5[5.0–8.0] | |
Sleeping pill use | |||
Yes | 4(4.0) | 13.5[4.0–15.5] | 0.196 b |
No | 97(96.0) | 8.0[6.0–11.0] | |
Time taken to fall asleep | |||
≤ 10mins | 27(26.7) | 9.0[7.0–11.0] | 0.275 c |
10–30 min | 35(34.7) | 8.0[6.0–11.0] | |
30–60 min | 28(27.7) | 8.0[6.0–12.0] | |
> 60mins | 11(10.9) | 6.0[2.0–9.0] | |
Waking up during sleep | |||
Yes | 73(72.3) | 9.0[6.0–11.0] | 0.741 b |
No | 28(27.7) | 8.5[4.8–12.8] | |
Wake up to eat | |||
Yes | 17(16.8) | 9.0[7.0–12.0] | 0.492 b |
No | 84(83.2) | 8.5[5.3–11.0] | |
Wake up due to noise | |||
Yes | 59(58.4) | 9.0[5.0–11.0] | 0.953 b |
No | 42(41.6) | 8.5[7.0–12.0] | |
Nightmares | |||
Yes | 51(50.5) | 9.0[8.0–12.0] | 0.004 b |
No | 50(49.5) | 7.0[4.0–10.3] | |