Multivariable analysis (n = 16,346) | |||
---|---|---|---|
1–7 days vs. 0 days | 8–30 days vs. 0 days | > 30 days vs. 0 days | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | aOR (95%-CI) | aOR (95%-CI) | aOR (95%-CI) |
Age | |||
< 35 (reference) | |||
35–39 | 1.38 (1.17–1.63) | 1.88 (1.45–2.44) | 1.78 (1.21–2.61) |
40–44 | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) | 2.41 (1.91–3.03) | 2.81 (2.02–3.90) |
45–49 | 1.50 (1.29–1.73) | 2.81 (2.25–3.51) | 3.41 (2.47–4.70) |
50–54 | 1.42 (1.22–1.66) | 3.22 (2.57–4.04) | 4.88 (3.55–6.70) |
≥ 55 | 1.23 (1.03–1.47) | 3.07 (2.40–3.92) | 5.48 (3.92–7.65) |
Gender | |||
Male (reference) | |||
Female | 1.02 (0.90–1.14) | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | 1.86 (1.54–2.24) |
Marital status | |||
Single (reference) | |||
Married | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 1.32 (1.11–1.56) | 1.26 (1.01–1.56) |
Divorced | 1.41 (1.17–1.70) | 1.49 (1.18–1.89) | 1.20 (0.88–1.63) |
Widowed | 0.83 (0.47–1.48) | 1.70 (0.99–2.90) | 1.47 (0.79–2.75) |
Lifestyle-related characteristics | |||
Smoking status | |||
Non-smoker (reference) | |||
Former smoker | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | 1.55 (1.32–1.82) |
Smoker | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.20 (1.04–1.38) | 1.51 (1.27–1.81) |
Work-related characteristics | |||
Occupational status | |||
Managerial staff (reference) | |||
Skilled/supervisory worker | 1.65 (1.46–1.86) | 2.90 (2.41–3.50) | 2.72 (2.13–3.47) |
Manual worker | 1.93 (1.68–2.20) | 4.29 (3.53–5.23) | 4.70 (3.64–6.07) |
Work-related stress score (quartiles) | |||
Q1 (0–6 points; reference) | |||
Q2 (7–8 points) | 1.41 (1.25–1.59) | 1.62 (1.38–1.91) | 1.64 (1.33–2.03) |
Q3 (9–10 points) | 1.70 (1.50–1.93) | 2.28 (1.94–2.67) | 2.61 (2.12–3.21) |
Q4 (≥ 11 points) | 2.22 (1.96–2.52) | 3.34 (2.85–3.92) | 4.33 (3.53–5.30) |
Back-related variables | |||
Ever acquired a spinal injury due to an accident | |||
No (reference) | |||
Yes | 1.89 (1.52–2.36) | 2.63 (2.06–3.35) | 4.18 (3.22–5.44) |
History of spondylopathy (ICD-10: M45-M49) | |||
No (reference) | |||
Yes | 2.00 (1.37–2.91) | 3.24 (2.24–4.69) | 5.59 (3.86–8.10) |
History of other dorsopathy excluding back pain (ICD-10: M50-M53) | |||
No (reference) | |||
Yes | 1.98 (1.77–2.21) | 2.98 (2.63–3.36) | 5.12 (4.43–5.90) |