Table 1 Characteristics of study population
| Â | study population | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|
cases with BCC in occupationally UV-exposed body sites (n = 643) | controls (n = 643) | ||
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
 Age in years (mean ± SD, range) | 66.3 ± 10.9 (29–89) | 66.2 ± 9.7 (31–83) | not applicable (Propensity score matched) |
 Sex (n, %) | |||
  Male | 364 (56.6%) | 368 (57.2%) | not applicable (Propensity score matched) |
  Female | 279 (43.4%) | 275 (42.8%) | |
 Education (n, %) | |||
  No graduation | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (0.2%) | Fisher’s exact test: p < 0.001 |
  9 years | 260 (40.4%) | 179 (27.8%) | |
  Middle school (10 years) | 153 (23.8%) | 141 (21.9%) | |
  High school (12 years) | 172 (26.7%) | 254 (39.5%) | |
  other | 55 (8.6%) | 68 (10.6%) | |
Clinical and anamnestic parameters | |||
 Fitzpatrick phototype (n, %) | |||
  1 | 46 (7.2%) | 31 (4.8%) | Pearson’s chi-squared test: p = 0.014 |
  2 | 365 (56.8%) | 338 (52.6%) | |
  3 | 223 (34.7%) | 253 (39.3%) | |
  4 | 9 (1.4%) | 19 (2.95%) | |
  5 | 0(0.00%) | 2 (0.31%) | |
 Immuno-suppressant agents (intake), current and/or previous (n, %) | |||
  yes | 55 (8.6%) | 38 (5.9%) | Pearson’s chi-squared test: p = 0.067 |
  no | 588 (91.4%) | 605 (94.1%) | |
 Positive family history for skin cancer (n, %) | |||
  yes | 89 (13.8%) | 61 (9.5%) | Pearson’s chi-squared test: p = 0.015 |
  no | 554 (86.2%) | 582 (90.5%) | |
 Migration background (n, %) | |||
  yes | 35 (5.4%) | 31 (4.8%) | Pearson’s chi-squared test: p = 0.613 |
  no | 608 (94.6%) | 612 (95.2%) | |
UV exposure Standard Erythema Dose (SED; mean ± SD, range), | |||
 Total UV exposure | 12,520.6 ± 4473.1 (4601.2 - 38,409.2) | 12,002.2 ± 3976.1 (3980.9 - 30,984.9) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.0642 |
 Occupational UV exposure (total) | 1934.4 ± 3360.7 (0.0–22,763.6) | 1317.6 ± 2439.1 (0.0–14,984.0) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.0182 |
 Persons with occupational UV exposure > 0 SED | 375 (58.3%) | 357 (55.5%) | Pearson’s chi-squared test: p = 0.311 |
 Occupational UV exposure for exposed (>  0 SED) persons | 3316.9 ± 3845.8 (14.4–22,763.6) | 2373.2 ± 2866.5 (3.8–14,984.0) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.0011 |
 Non-occupational UV exposure (total) | 10,586.2 ± 2708.2 (4460.3 - 20,988.9) | 10,684.6 ± 2878.0 (3980.9 - 30,984.9) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.7421 |
 Non-occupational UV exposure (vacation) | 5541.0 ± 2025.5 (1566.7 - 16,122.0) | 5654.3 ± 2170.1 (1663.6 - 14,992.0) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.6347 |
 Non-occupational UV exposure (leisure time) | 5052.2 ± 1373.8 (1624.7 - 13,338.0) | 5032.2 ± 1387.8 (1235.1 - 17,459.9) | Wilcoxon rank-sum test: p = 0.5493 |