Table 2 The summary of the final included articles
From: Misdiagnosis in occupational and environmental medicine: a scoping review
Study type | Number of studies | Clinical specialty (final correct diagnosis) | False (+) or (−)a | Typical frameworkb | Causation modelc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case-report | 27 | Pulmonology: 11 Dermatology: 1 Orthopedics or trauma: 10 Other specialties: 5 | False (+): 7 False (−): 20 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 14 [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures:12 [3] Evidence of causal relationship: 1 | [1] Knowledge base: 15 [2] Heuristics: 6 [3] Complete work-ups: 4 [4] Diagnosis: 1 [6] Feedback: 1 |
Case-series | 25 | Pulmonology: 10 Dermatology: 2 Other specialties: 13 | False (+): 5 False (−): 17 False (+) and (−): 3 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 12 [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures: 8 [3] Evidence of causal relationship: 5 | [1] Knowledge base: 12 [2] Heuristics: 4 [3] Complete work-ups: 6 [4] Diagnosis: 3 |
Case-control study | 3 | Pulmonology: 3 | False (−): 3 | [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures: 3 | [1] Knowledge base: 3 |
Cohort study | 3 | Pulmonology: 2 Other specialties: 1 | False (+): 1 False (−): 1 False (+) and (−): 1 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 3 | [1] Knowledge base: 1 [3] Complete work-ups: 1 [4] Diagnosis: 1 |
Surveillance data analysis | 2 | Pulmonology: 1 Other specialties: 1 | False (−): 2 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 1 [3] Evidence of causal relationship: 1 | [1] Knowledge base: 1 [2] Heuristics: 1 |
Survey | 2 | Other specialties: 2 | False (−): 1 False (+) and (−): 1 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 1 [3] Evidence of causal relationship: 1 | [2] Heuristics: 1 [6] Feedback: 1 |
Exposure assessment | 1 | Pulmonology: 1 | False (−): 1 | [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures: 1 | [1] Knowledge base: 1 |
Discussion | 6 | Pulmonology: 3 Orthopedics or trauma: 1 Other specialties: 2 | False (+): 1 False (−): 4 False (+) and (−): 1 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 2 [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures:2 [3] Evidence of causal relationship: 2 | [1] Knowledge base: 1 [2] Heuristics: 1 [3] Complete work-ups: 3 [4] Diagnosis: 1 |
Narrative review | 10 | Pulmonology: 5 Orthopedics or trauma: 1 Other specialties: 4 | False (−): 7 False (+) and (−): 3 | [1] Evidence of a disease: 5 [2] Evidence of hazardous exposures: 5 | [1] Knowledge base: 8 [2] Heuristics: 1 [4] Diagnosis: 1 |